Provider: Grantová agentura České republiky
Recipient: Ústav výzkumu globální změny AV ČR, v. v. i.
Keywords: Atmospheric circulation;meteorological observations;reanalyses;climate models;climate change; Central Europe
Annotation of project:
The project concentrates on an extensive validation process of state-of-the-art climate models and downscaling methods based on various reference datasets of climate observations, to identify their strong and weak points and then apply the gained knowledge to improve the reliability of climate projections in Central Europe (represented here by Poland, Czech Republic, part of Slovakia and eastern Germany). A special attention will be paid to atmospheric circulation (as the main weather driving factor) with an emphasis on its representation in climate models. Occurrence of different circulation types and their intensity is important for the origin of significant weather events and extremes. Therefore, the detailed knowledge concerning the ability of climate models to assess impacts of atmospheric circulation and its long-term trends will be a key to better understand and interpret future climate projections.

Provider: Grantová agentura České republiky
Coordinating recipient: Ústav chemických procesů AV ČR, v. v. i.
Another participant in the project: Ústav výzkumu globální změny AV ČR, v. v. i.
Keywords: atmospheric aerosol;vertical profile;atmospheric boundary layer;aerosol radiative forcing; nucleation;nanoclusters;chemical composition
Annotation of project:
Main goal of the project is to describe the relationship between planetary boundary layer (PBL) height and atmospheric aerosol (AA) in vertical profile. The project plans to use a unique infrastructure including 250 m tall tower at a Central European rural background site. Chemical and physical properties of AA will be measured by state-of-the-art aerosol instrumentation at two different heights (ground and 230 m) with high-time resolution, depending on daily and seasonal cycles of PBL height, chemical composition and changes in physical parameters of AA alongside radiative forcing and the concentration of AA nanoclusters. This will provide crucial knowledge of the changes of atmospheric properties within and above PBL and thus help to reduce the current uncertainties in atmospheric aerosol forcing of the Earth's climate system. Furthermore, it will provide important insights into the representativeness of conventional ground-based measurements of AA properties, which may lead to their re-evaluation in relation to vertical measurements and in combination with satellite measurements.

Provider: Grantová agentura České republiky
Recipient: Ústav výzkumu globální změny AV ČR, v. v. i.
Keywords: coherent structures;eddy covariance;flux variance;latent heat flux;sensible heat flux;surface renewal
Annotation of project:
The knowledge of the turbulent energy (latent and sensible heat) fluxes is critical in research fields such as meteorology, hydrology and ecophysiology. Eddy covariance (EC) is widely used technique for their measurements, however, a recalcitrant problem is so called energy balance non-closure representing on average 15% across more than 900 sites worldwide. Alternative methods for energy fluxes determination are e.g. flux variance (FV) and surface renewal (SR). We aim to revise the FV and SR methods in a single framework emphasizing a clear physical interpretation of all methodological aspects. Following previous studies documenting better, yet unexplained, energy balance closure of SR as compared to EC, we aim to analyze the physical causes of this phenomena. In line with the most recent studies indicating the important role of large eddies in the EC non-closure problem, we suggest that studying energy balance closure within the frame of FV and SR methods that relies largely on large coherent eddies can provide further links in this still not fully understood research topic.

Provider: European Space Agency
Recipient: Ústav výzkumu globální změny AV ČR, v. v. i.
Keywords: xxx
Annotation of project:
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Provider: European Space Agency
Recipient: Ústav výzkumu globální změny AV ČR, v. v. i.
Keywords: xxx
Annotation of project:
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Provider: Ministerstvo školství mládeže a tělovýchovy
Recipient: Ústav výzkumu globální změny AV ČR, v. v. i.
Keywords: Marginalised mountain areas, Environmentally Sensitive Area Index, Landscape ecological stabiity, Cataloque of restoration measures
Annotation of project:
The main activities of the project will be the modification of the prepared methodology for the assessment of the Environmentally Sensitive Area Index (ESAI), formation of a set of indicators of environmental parameters of ecological stability and preparation of a list of adaptation measures that improve the conditions for maintaining or supporting the sustainable use of natural resources. A practical outcome of the project will be the c reation of an interactive specialized map for user-friendly application by stakeholders.

Provider: Ministerstvo školství mládeže a tělovýchovy
Recipient: Ústav výzkumu globální změny AV ČR, v. v. i.
Keywords: Methane, CH4, nitrous oxide, N2O, carbon dioxide, CO2, greenhouse gas fluxes, physiology of forest trees, forest ecosystem, nitrogen deposition, drought, elevated CO2 concentration, climate change, multifactorial manipulation experiments
Annotation of project:
We aim i)to reveal emission potentials of CH4 and N2O for various European tree species of temperate zone, ii) to study the effect of environmental parameters (e.g., reduced water availability, elevated CO2 concentration and N deposition) and their interactions on CH4 and N2O fluxes from soils and trees, and iii) to quantify losses of C and N from soils and trees in form of gaseous CH4 and N2O under the effect of N deposition and soil water availability.

Provider: Ministerstvo školství mládeže a tělovýchovy
Coordinating recipient: Ústav výzkumu globální změny AV ČR, v. v. i.
Keywords: Airborne laser scanning; unmanned laser scanning; terrestrial laser scanning; radiative transfer model; DART; 3D tree reconstruction; quantitative structure model; forest characteristics; mechanical stability; above ground biomass; growing stock
Annotation of project:
Ecological stability (resistance and resilience) of a forest stand against various disturbances and stress factors is partially dependent on canopy structure, which reflects species and age variability in the canopy. Characteristics such as height, crown shape, and above ground biomass (AGB) can be derived from field measurements. These are often time and manpower consuming and thus clearly time and spatially limited, whereas methods using unmanned and airborne laser scanning (ULS and ALS) allow mapping large areas repeatedly. Though, even those methods rely on field data, which are used for calibration of regression models and for their independent validation. In this project, we therefore introduce an approach replacing field data by virtual 3D forest stands. Terrestrial laser scanning data will be used to construct realistic 3D tree representations of common species (spruce, pine, beech, oak). From these virtual forest stands with a large structural variability will be compiled, on which laser scanning data will be simulated by RTM. The simulated data will be used to derive a reliable individual tree detection algorithm from ULS, to improve an ABA method for forest characteristics retrieval from ALS, and to introduce advanced methods to assess tree/stand mechanical stability. Activities of the project are closely related to already running COST action 3DForEcoTech (CA20118), which aims to support research of forest ecology by using modern and constantly developing 3D laser scanning methods and bring them closer to forestry practice.

Provider: Masarykova univerzita
Recipient: Ústav výzkumu globální změny AV ČR, v. v. i.
Keywords: xxx
Annotation of project:
Remote sensing data – obtained from satellite or airborne imagery – play an essential role in many applications, especially in the timely assessment of the state of a landscape. CESNET organization provides a data warehouse (national point) of Sentinel satellite data for the Czech Republic and a visualization portal providing basic capabilities for their elementary analysis. This project aims to develop a comprehensive data-analytical solution ENVision, which will provide a modularly extensible and scalable platform for advanced analysis of such satellite data. For local refinement of global analyses or locally specific analytical methods, the platform will also provide the possibility to import locally acquired airborne or drone da-ta, which are acquired and managed by, among others, the Institute of Global Change Re-search Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe). In addition to integrating previously developed prototypes of analytical methods that process and analyze remote sens-ing data, the project will also test the potential of machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques to refine these previously used analytical methods for assessing the state of forest ecosystems based on satellite data.

Provider: Ministerstvo školství mládeže a tělovýchovy
Coordinating recipient: Ústav výzkumu globální změny AV ČR, v. v. i.
Another participant in the project: Mikrobiologický ústav AV ČR, v. v. i.
Another participant in the project: Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze
Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, sustainable forestry, carbon farming, regenerative farming, agrosystems, climate change impacts, climate change adaptation, climate change mitigation, greenhouse gases, CO2, CH4, N2O, crops, forests, soil, stable carbon, plant root exudates, flexible agronomy and forestry management practices, remote sensing, land surface modelling, inverse modelling, crop growth models, agrosystem and forestry systems models, flexible management in agronomy and forestry, ecosystem, landscape, region, sustainability, environmental risks, holistic approach, socioeconomic scenarios, participation, leverage points, science-policy-practice interface, ESFRI research infrastructures, training, capacity building
Annotation of project:
International AdAgriF scientific team aims to turn agriculture and forestry into long-term sinks and stocks of carbon and prevent avoidable emissions of CO2, N2O, and CH4. This will be achieved by greatly modernized infrastructure and three transdisciplinary research WPs spanning from molecules to landscape and society. The research will be imbedded in extensive network of excellent collaborating institutes fostering the growth of all participating scientists and reducing the research risk.